Western Australia is a haven for wildlife, offering an incredibly rich and diverse ecosystem that is home to over 630 bird species, with approximately 15 of them found nowhere else in the world. Among the state’s most iconic birds is the black swan, which holds the title of Western Australia’s state bird. The southwestern corner of the state, along with areas around Broome and the Kimberley, are considered the prime birdwatching regions, thanks to their varied habitats and unique species.

The plant life in Western Australia is equally impressive, with 10,162 native vascular plant species documented, along with an additional 1,196 species currently being recognised but not yet fully published. These plants belong to 1,543 genera from 211 families, with a significant number of species found in the southwest of the state, making it one of the most botanically rich regions on Earth. However, the state is not immune to the challenge of invasive species, with 1,276 naturalised alien plant species, commonly referred to as weeds, affecting the native flora.

Western Australia’s ecoregions are as diverse as its flora and fauna. The Kimberley region on the northern coast features dramatic sandstone gorges, while the drier Victoria Plains tropical savanna stretches inland. The semi-desert areas of the Pilbara, Carnarvon, and mulga shrublands dominate the southwest, and the coast is lined with the rich jarrah-karri forests around Margaret River, which also serves as a renowned wine-growing region. Southward, the Goldfields-Esperance region and its mallee and woodland areas contribute further to the state’s ecological diversity. The expansive deserts of the interior, including the Great Sandy-Tanami, Gibson, Great Victoria, and Nullarbor deserts, provide a stark contrast to the lush coastal areas.

The flora and fauna of Western Australia have long been a subject of study and fascination. In 1831, Scottish botanist Robert Brown published a scientific paper detailing the plants around the Swan River Colony, which marked the beginning of extensive botanical exploration in the region. Since then, the state’s unique ecosystems have continued to attract researchers and nature enthusiasts alike, highlighting Western Australia as one of the world’s most biodiverse regions.

With its vast and varied landscapes, from arid deserts to lush forests and coastal plains, Western Australia remains a sanctuary for many species, offering a rare glimpse into the beauty and complexity of Australia's natural heritage.