Hot air balloon Dubai desert birds

Hot air balloon Dubai desert birds

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The first sound is the burner's cough-an industrial dragon clearing its throat in the gray-blue before dawn. Then comes the hush. The fabric above your head billows into a living dome, striped and luminous, and the sand underfoot loosens its grip as the basket grows light. A few soft shudders, a collective breath from strangers, and there you are, unmoored into the quiet, skimming up over the Dubai desert while the horizon lifts open like a curtain. It is a simple phrase-hot air balloon, Dubai desert, birds-but inside it is a whole world of sky and sand, heat and feather.


From the ground, the desert rolls like an ocean stilled. Hot air balloon Dubai hotel pickup From above, it becomes a record of small insistences. Wind-sculpted ribs ripple across the dunes. Faint roads braid the emptiness. A line of tracks scribbles through a pale basin: fox, oryx, maybe a lone man walking to a camp you cannot see. The city you left an hour ago-glass, steel, the clean geometry of ambition-shrinks into a low blue suggestion at the far edge. Here, the geometry is different. Curves rule. Light softens every angle.


Sunrise arrives not as a moment but as a slow blessing that starts behind your shoulder and spills forward. The dunes blush; the sky warms from pewter to peach. As the air brightens, so does your hearing. The balloon is nearly silent when the flame is off-an abiding quiet, like floating in a thought. And into that quiet come the birds.


On the ground, the desert can seem empty, a place defined more by absence than presence. Hot air balloon Dubai luxury experience From the balloon it is animated by small lives, quick and efficient. There is a ripple of wings just at the margin of a salt pan. Chestnut-bellied sandgrouse, neat and wood-colored, commute to water in loose, purposeful lines, their bodies drawn to the one daily necessity that binds all desert creatures. A pair of brown-necked ravens plays at the edge of a thermal, black punctuation marks against a brightening sentence of sky. Somewhere below, a hoopoe lark lifts and falls with a dancer's timing, a small fluent dot that knows how to ride moving air like a whispered secret.


You learn quickly that a hot air balloon is the most courteous way of visiting. Because it moves with the wind, it brings almost no disturbance. There is no slipstream to rattle branches, no engine beat to scatter flocks. The balloon is simply another piece of morning, another shape borne along by invisible currents. When the burner fires, birds tilt their heads, gauging the brief roar. Then they go back to reading their book of thermals and lines of sight, a text they have known longer than there have been cities here.


Sometimes a falconer stands in your basket. The leather gauntlet, the quick cleverness of the bird's head, the hood that is more like a spell than a hat. Falconry lives in this desert like a memory encoded in bone; it belongs to people who learned to read the landscape the way the birds do, tracing endurance and grace from open space. The falconer lifts the hood, and the falcon narrows its world to wind and distance and the pale lure swinging out beyond the envelope's shadow. It launches, a focused exclamation, circling the balloon in widening sweets of arcs, turning the invisible pathways of lift into calligraphy you can almost read. When it stoops and strikes the lure, there's a small gasp from the basket. Your hands tighten on the rim not from fear but from witnessing how precise a life can be.


As the sun ascends, thermals bloom more assuredly from the warming dunes, and the air stacks into gentle elevators. Raptors know this rhythm. On the long migrations that lace this region-the invisible highways over the Gulf and along the Arabian interior-steppe eagles and harriers ride these rivers of heat with the quiet economy of masters. In winter, there are mornings when the edge of the desert seems to breathe feathers. You may not see them in numbers on a single flight, but the knowledge of them hums in the background, a larger choreography of which your small voyage is a footnote.


The Dubai desert is both story and system-romance and reality braided together. It hosts things fragile, things returned. In reserves set aside from development and racing tires, the Arabian oryx sharpens its white silhouette against the orange dunes, a punctuation of resilience. If you are lucky and far enough out, a Houbara bustard turns its narrow head toward the balloon, as if measuring the sky's newest, strangest cousin. Larks and wheatears annotate the scrub with movement. In the shadow of acacia, a collared dove lifts in a drab clap of wings-ordinary, beloved.


From above, you can see how modernity and old habit meet. A line of camel tracks runs near a fenced compound; a pickup draws a question mark in the sand and then unwrites it with its own wind. Somewhere, a mirage pools like a promise. On the edge of your vision, the city's towers appear again, this time like a mirage in reverse. They look less like an imposition and more like an admission: that humans, too, are desert animals learning to stand inside brightness and make shade.


People talk about bucket lists, but a hot air balloon ride over the Dubai desert is less a box to tick than a way to practice attention. The ride itself asks so little-no steering, no real choice except to trust the pilot and the morning. In exchange it gives you back the shape of air. It lets you listen to the grammar the birds already know: rise when it is kind to rise, rest when it is harsh, use what appears, leave almost no trace.

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You feel the burner's heat on your cheek and then the cool rush of altitude. Your world narrows to the wicker at your hip and the long horizon and widens to include dunes unrolling to Oman, to Iran, to farther imaginaries you will never visit.


Near the end, the pilot searches for a landing where scrub gives way to openness and the ground is brushed clean of stones. The burner hisses; the envelope sighs; the basket dips and kisses the Earth in small bounces that make everyone laugh-nervous, relieved, children again.

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On the sand, you realize how much the air had gentled your thinking. Hot air balloon Dubai wildlife view . Noise returns-engines somewhere, a distant bark, the soft rattle of a breeze turning the dune grass into music. Overhead, a raven cuts a lazy figure eight as if to sign the morning closed.


Later, when you try to recount it, your words bunch around the same few anchors: hot air balloon, Dubai desert, birds. They are not mere search terms. They are a triad that balances adventure with humility, spectacle with subtlety. Hot air balloon Dubai safety instructions With them you remember the taste of dawn in the air, the way light found your friends' faces as if for the first time, the hawk's eye level with yours for a breath and then gone, the hush that felt like reverence. You remember that for a short while you rose into a room the birds know well, were welcomed there, and set down again gentler than you had been, carrying a lesson that doesn't need translation: look up, look long, move lightly.

Sunrise seen over the Atlantic Ocean through cirrus clouds on the Jersey Shore at Spring Lake, New Jersey, U.S.

Sunrise (or sunup) is the moment when the upper rim of the Sun appears on the horizon in the morning,[1] at the start of the Sun path. The term can also refer to the entire process of the solar disk crossing the horizon.

Terminology

[edit]

Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century.[2]

Architect Buckminster Fuller proposed the terms "sunsight" and "sunclipse" to better represent the heliocentric model, though the terms have not entered into common language.[3][4]

Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant, namely the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon.[1] However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point:

Towers of the Church of the Assumption in Bielany-Kraków over the Wolski Forest just after sunrise.
  • Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn.
  • The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.[5] Civil twilight being the brightest, while astronomical twilight being the darkest.

Measurement

[edit]

Angle with respect to horizon

[edit]
This diagram of the Sun at sunrise (or sunset) shows the effects of atmospheric refraction.

The stage of sunrise known as false sunrise actually occurs before the Sun truly reaches the horizon because Earth's atmosphere refracts the Sun's image. At the horizon, the average amount of refraction is 34 arcminutes, though this amount varies based on atmospheric conditions.[1]

Also, unlike most other solar measurements, sunrise occurs when the Sun's upper limb, rather than its center, appears to cross the horizon. The apparent radius of the Sun at the horizon is 16 arcminutes.[1]

These two angles combine to define sunrise to occur when the Sun's center is 50 arcminutes below the horizon, or 90.83° from the zenith.[1]

Time of day

[edit]
Time of sunrise in 2008 for Libreville, Gabon. Near the equator, the variation of the time of sunrise is mainly governed by the variation of the equation of time. See here for the sunrise chart of a different location.

The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise.

In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time shortly before the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest shortly after the winter solstice, also varying by latitude. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates.

Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is extreme, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly.[1]

Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc.

Location on the horizon

[edit]
Timelapse video of twilight and sunrise in Gjøvik, Norway in February 2021

Neglecting the effects of refraction and the Sun's non-zero size, whenever sunrise occurs, in temperate regions it is always in the northeast quadrant from the March equinox to the September equinox and in the southeast quadrant from the September equinox to the March equinox.[6] Sunrises occur approximately due east on the March and September equinoxes for all viewers on Earth.[7] Exact calculations of the azimuths of sunrise on other dates are complex, but they can be estimated with reasonable accuracy by using the analemma.

The figure on the right is calculated using the solar geometry routine in Ref.[8] as follows:

  1. For a given latitude and a given date, calculate the declination of the Sun using longitude and solar noon time as inputs to the routine;
  2. Calculate the sunrise hour angle using the sunrise equation;
  3. Calculate the sunrise time, which is the solar noon time minus the sunrise hour angle in degree divided by 15;
  4. Use the sunrise time as input to the solar geometry routine to get the solar azimuth angle at sunrise.

Hemispheric symmetry

[edit]

An interesting feature in the figure on the right is apparent hemispheric symmetry in regions where daily sunrise and sunset actually occur.

This symmetry becomes clear if the hemispheric relation in to the sunrise equation is applied to the x- and y-components of the solar vector presented in Ref.[8]

 

Appearance

[edit]
The first sunrise in 2025 of Jabalpur, caught from a rooftop.

Colors

[edit]
Sunrise in Lisbon seen from an airplane. Note refraction of colors by both the atmosphere and clouds.

Air molecules and airborne particles scatter white sunlight as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere. This is done by a combination of Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering.[9]

As a ray of white sunlight travels through the atmosphere to an observer, some of the colors are scattered out of the beam by air molecules and airborne particles, changing the final color of the beam the viewer sees. Because the shorter wavelength components, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, these colors are preferentially removed from the beam.[9]

At sunrise and sunset, when the path through the atmosphere is longer, the blue and green components are removed almost completely, leaving the longer-wavelength orange and red hues seen at those times. The remaining reddened sunlight can then be scattered by cloud droplets and other relatively large particles to light up the horizon red and orange.[10] The removal of the shorter wavelengths of light is due to Rayleigh scattering by air molecules and particles much smaller than the wavelength of visible light (less than 50 nm in diameter).[11][12] The scattering by cloud droplets and other particles with diameters comparable to or larger than the sunlight's wavelengths (more than 600 nm) is due to Mie scattering and is not strongly wavelength-dependent. Mie scattering is responsible for the light scattered by clouds, and also for the daytime halo of white light around the Sun (forward scattering of white light).[13][14][15]

Sunset colors are typically more brilliant than sunrise colors, because the evening air contains more particles than morning air.[9][10][12][15] Ash from volcanic eruptions, trapped within the troposphere, tends to mute sunset and sunrise colors, while volcanic ejecta that is instead lofted into the stratosphere (as thin clouds of tiny sulfuric acid droplets), can yield beautiful post-sunset colors called afterglows and pre-sunrise glows. A number of eruptions, including those of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and Krakatoa in 1883, have produced sufficiently high stratospheric sulfuric acid clouds to yield remarkable sunset afterglows (and pre-sunrise glows) around the world. The high altitude clouds serve to reflect strongly reddened sunlight still striking the stratosphere after sunset, down to the surface.

Optical illusions and other phenomena

[edit]
This is a false sunrise, a very particular kind of parhelion.
  • Atmospheric refraction causes the Sun to be seen while it is still below the horizon.
  • Light from the lower edge of the Sun's disk is refracted more than light from the upper edge. This reduces the apparent height of the Sun when it appears just above the horizon. The width is not affected, so the Sun appears wider than it is high.
  • The Sun appears larger at sunrise than it does while higher in the sky, in a manner similar to the Moon illusion.
  • The Sun appears to rise above the horizon and circle the Earth, but it is actually the Earth that is rotating, with the Sun remaining fixed. This effect results from the fact that an observer on Earth is in a rotating reference frame.
  • Occasionally a false sunrise occurs, demonstrating a very particular kind of parhelion belonging to the optical phenomenon family of halos.
  • Sometimes just before sunrise or after sunset, a green flash can be seen. This is an optical phenomenon in which a green spot is visible above the Sun, usually for no more than a second or two.[16]
 

See also

[edit]
  • Analemma
  • Dawn
  • Day
  • Daytime
  • Dusk
  • Earth's shadow, visible at sunrise
  • First sunrise
  • Golden hour (photography)
  • Heliacal rising
  • Noon
  • Red sky at morning
  • Sunrise equation
  • Sunset

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f "Rise, Set, and Twilight Definitions". U.S. Naval Observatory. Archived from the original on September 27, 2019.
  2. ^ "The Earth Is the Center of the Universe: Top 10 Science Mistakes". Science Channel. Archived from the original on November 18, 2012.
  3. ^ Griffith, Evan. "Celebrating word making: Buckminster Fuller's take on sunrise and sunset". Notes For Creators. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
  4. ^ Skene, Gordon (22 November 2020). "Buckminster Fuller Has A Few Words For You - 1972 - Ford Hall Forum Lecture". Past Daily. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
  5. ^ "Sunrise". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 7 February 2024.
  6. ^ Masters, Karen (October 2004). "How does the position of Moonrise and Moonset change? (Intermediate)". Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer. Cornell University Astronomy Department. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  7. ^ "Where Do the Sun and Stars Rise?". Stanford Solar Center. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
  8. ^ a b Zhang, T., Stackhouse, P.W., Macpherson, B., and Mikovitz, J.C., 2021. A solar azimuth formula that renders circumstantial treatment unnecessary without compromising mathematical rigor: Mathematical setup, application and extension of a formula based on the subsolar point and atan2 function. Renewable Energy, 172, 1333-1340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.047
  9. ^ a b c K. Saha (2008). The Earth's Atmosphere – Its Physics and Dynamics. Springer. p. 107. ISBN 978-3-540-78426-5.
  10. ^ a b B. Guenther, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Modern Optics. Vol. 1. Elsevier. p. 186.
  11. ^ "Blue Sky". Hyperphysics, Georgia State University. Archived from the original on April 27, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
  12. ^ a b Craig Bohren (ed.), Selected Papers on Scattering in the Atmosphere, SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Bellingham, WA, 1989
  13. ^ Corfidi, Stephen F. (February 2009). "The Colors of Twilight and Sunset". Norman, OK: NOAA/NWS Storm Prediction Center.
  14. ^ "Atmospheric Aerosols: What Are They, and Why Are They So Important?". NASA. Aug 1, 1996. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
  15. ^ a b E. Hecht (2002). Optics (4th ed.). Addison Wesley. p. 88. ISBN 0-321-18878-0.
  16. ^ "Red Sunset, Green Flash". HyperPhysics Concepts - Georgia State University. Archived from the original on December 15, 2022.
[edit]
  • Full physical explanation of sky color, in simple terms
  • An Excel workbook with VBA functions for sunrise, sunset, solar noon, twilight (dawn and dusk), and solar position (azimuth and elevation)
  • Sun data for various cities
  • Sunrise and sunset times in all popular cities

 

Arabian Desert
ٱلصَّحْرَاء ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة
Desert near Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Map of the Arabian Desert ecoregion
Ecology
Realm Palearctic
Biome deserts and xeric shrublands
Borders
List
  • Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert
  • Mesopotamian shrub desert
  • Middle East steppe
  • North Saharan steppe and woodlands
  • Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert
  • Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert
  • Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh
Geography
Area 1,855,470[1] km2 (716,400 mi2)
Countries
List
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Iraq
  • Jordan
  • Kuwait
  • Oman
  • Qatar
  • United Arab Emirates
  • Iran (khuzestan)
  • Yemen
  • Egypt (Sinai)
Conservation
Conservation status critical/endangered[2]
Protected 4.368%[1]

The Arabian Desert (Arabic: ٱلصَّحْرَاء ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة) is a vast desert wilderness in West Asia that occupies almost the entire Arabian Peninsula with an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers (900,000 sq mi).[3] It stretches from Yemen to the Persian Gulf and Oman to Jordan and Iraq. It is the fourth largest desert in the world and the largest in Asia. At its center is Ar-Rub' al-Khali (The Empty Quarter), one of the largest continuous bodies of sand in the world. It is an extension of the Sahara Desert.[4]

Gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards are just some of the desert-adapted species that survive in this extreme environment, which features everything from red dunes to deadly quicksand. The climate is mostly dry (the major part receives around 100 mm (3.9 in) of rain per year, but some very rare places receive as little as 50 mm), and temperatures oscillate between very high heat and seasonal night time freezes. It is part of the deserts and xeric shrublands biome and lie in biogeographical realms of the Palearctic (northern part) and Afrotropical (southern part).

The Arabian Desert ecoregion has little biodiversity, although a few endemic plants grow here. Many species, such as the striped hyena, jackal and honey badger, have died out as a result of hunting, habitat destruction, overgrazing by livestock, off-road driving, and human encroachment on their habitat. Other species, such as the Arabian sand gazelle, have been successfully re-introduced and are protected at reserves.

Geography

[edit]
A satellite image of the Arabian Desert by NASA World Wind

The desert lies mostly in Saudi Arabia and covers most of the country. It extends into neighboring southern Iraq, southern Jordan, central Qatar, most of the Abu Dhabi emirate in the United Arab Emirates, western Oman, and northeastern Yemen. The ecoregion also includes most of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt and the adjacent Negev desert in southern Israel.[1]

The Rub' al-Khali desert is a sedimentary basin stretching along a south-west to north-east axis across the Arabian Shelf.[5] At an altitude of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), rock landscapes yield to the Rub' al-Khali, a vast stretch of sand whose extreme southern point crosses the center of Yemen. The sand overlies gravel or gypsum plains and the dunes reach maximum heights of up to 250 m (820 ft). The sands are predominantly silicates, composed of 80 to 90% quartz and the remainder feldspar, whose iron oxide-coated grains color the sands orange, purple, and red.

A corridor of sandy terrain known as the Ad-Dahna desert connects the An-Nafud desert (65,000 km2 or 40,389 square miles) in the north of Saudi Arabia to the Rub' al-Khali in the south-east.[citation needed] The Tuwaiq escarpment is an 800 km (500 mi) arc that includes limestone cliffs, plateaus, and canyons.[citation needed] There are brackish salt flats, including the quicksands of Umm al Samim.[2] The Sharqiya Sands, formerly known as Wahiba Sands of Oman are an isolated sand sea bordering the east coast.[6][7]

Climate

[edit]

The Arabian Desert has a subtropical, hot desert climate, similar to the climate of the Sahara Desert (the world's largest hot desert). The Arabian Desert is actually an extension of the Sahara Desert over the Arabian peninsula.

The climate is mainly dry. Most areas get around 100 mm (3.9 in) of rain per year. Unlike the Sahara Desert—more than half of which is hyperarid (having rainfall of less than 50 mm (2.0 in) per year)—the Arabian Desert has only a few hyperarid areas. These rare driest areas may get only 30 to 40 mm (1.6 in) of rain per year.

The Arabian Desert’s sunshine duration index is very high by global standards: between 2,900 hours (66.2% of daylight hours) and 3,600 hours (82.1% of daylight hours), but typically around 3,400 hours (77.6% of daylight hours). Thus clear-sky conditions with plenty of sunshine prevail over the region throughout the year, and cloudy periods are infrequent. Visibility at ground level is relatively low, despite the brightness of the sun and moon, because of dust and humidity.

Temperatures remain high year round. In the summer, in low-lying areas, average high temperatures are generally over 40 °C (104 °F). In extremely low-lying areas, especially along the Persian Gulf (near sea level), summer temperatures can reach 48 °C (118 °F). Average low temperatures in summer are typically over 20 °C (68 °F) and in the south can sometimes exceed 30 °C (86 °F). Record high temperatures above 50 °C (122 °F) have been reached in many areas of the desert, partly because its overall elevation is relatively low. [citation needed]

Flora and fauna

[edit]

The Arabian Desert ecoregion has about 900 species of plants.[8] The Rub'al-Khali has very limited floristic diversity. There are only 37 plant species, 20 recorded in the main body of the sands and 17 around the outer margins. Of these 37 species, one or two are endemic. Vegetation is very diffuse but fairly evenly distributed, with some interruptions of near sterile dunes.[2] Some typical plants are Calligonum crinitum on dune slopes, Cornulaca arabica (saltbush), Salsola stocksii (saltbush), and Cyperus conglomeratus. Other widespread species are Dipterygium glaucum, Limeum arabicum, and Zygophyllum mandavillei. Very few trees are found except at the outer margin (typically Acacia ehrenbergiana and Prosopis cineraria). Other species are a woody perennial Calligonum comosum, and annual herbs such as Danthonia forskallii.[2]

There are 102 native species of mammals.[8] Native mammals include the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), sand gazelle (Gazella marica), mountain gazelle (G. gazella), Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana), Arabian wolf (Canis lupus arabs), striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), caracal (Caracal caracal), sand cat (Felis margarita), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and Cape hare (Lepus capensis).[2] The Asiatic cheetah[9] and Asiatic lion[10] used to live in the Arabian Desert. The ecoregion is home to 310 bird species.[8]

People

[edit]

The area is home to several different cultures, languages, and peoples, with Islam as the predominant faith. The major ethnic group in the region is the Arabs, whose primary language is Arabic.

In the center of the desert lies Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, with more than 7 million inhabitants.[11] Other large cities, such as Dubai, Abu Dhabi, or Kuwait City, lie on the coast of the Persian Gulf.

Natural resources

[edit]

Natural resources available in the Arabian Desert include oil, natural gas, phosphates, and sulfur.[citation needed]

Conservation and threats

[edit]

Threats to the ecoregion include overgrazing by livestock and feral camels and goats, wildlife poaching, and damage to vegetation by off-road driving.[2]

The conservation status of the desert is critical/endangered. In the UAE, the sand gazelle and Arabian oryx are threatened, and honey badgers, jackals, and striped hyaenas already extirpated.[2]

Protected areas

[edit]

4.37% of the ecoregion is in protected areas.[1]

Saudi Arabia has established a system of reserves overseen by the National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and Development (NCWCD).[2]

  • Harrat al-Harrah Reserve (12,150 km2), established in 1987, is on the border with Jordan and Iraq, and protects a portion of the stony basaltic Harrat al-Sham desert. The reserve includes rough terrain of black basaltic boulders and extinct volcanic cones from the middle Miocene. It provides habitat to over 250 species of plants, 50 species of birds, and 22 mammal species.[2]
  • 'Uruq Bani Ma'arid Reserve (12,000 km2) is on the western edge of the Rub’ al-Khali. Arabian oryx and sand gazelle were reintroduced to the reserve in 1995.
  • Ibex Reserve (200 km2) is south of Riyadh. It protects Nubian ibex and a reintroduced population of mountain gazelle.[2]
  • Al-Tabayq Special Nature Reserve is in northern Saudi Arabia, and protects a population of Nubian ibex.[2]

Protected areas in the United Arab Emirates include Al Houbara Protected Area (2492.0 km2), Al Ghadha Protected Area (1087.51 km2), Arabian Oryx Protected Area (5974.47 km2), Ramlah Protected Area (544.44 km2), and Al Beda'a Protected Area (417.0 km2).[12]

See also

[edit]
  • ʿĀd
  • Iram of the Pillars

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands". Digital Observatory of Protected Areas. Accessed 19 December 2022. [1]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Arabian Desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  3. ^ "Arabian Desert | Facts, Definition, Temperature, Plants, Animals, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  4. ^ "Arabian Desert: Middle East". geography.name. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
  5. ^ "Rub Al-Khali, a photo and short description". A Lovely World.
  6. ^ "The Wahiba Sands". Rough Guides. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  7. ^ "Sharqiya (Wahiba) Sands, Oman - Travel Guide, Info & Bookings – Lonely Planet". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2013-06-09.
  8. ^ a b c Hoekstra JM, Molnar JL, Jennings M, Revenga C, Spalding MD, Boucher TM, Robertson JC, Heibel TJ, Ellison K (2010) The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference (ed. Molnar JL). Berkeley: University of California Press.
  9. ^ Harrison, D. L. (1968). "Genus Acinonyx Brookes, 1828" (PDF). The mammals of Arabia. Volume II: Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Hyracoidea. London: Ernest Benn Limited. pp. 308–313.
  10. ^ Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Lion". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 83–95. ISBN 978-90-04-08876-4.
  11. ^ "هيئة تطوير مدينة الرياض توافق على طلبات مطورين لإنشاء 4 مشاريع سياحية وترفيهية" (in Arabic). April 4, 2019. Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  12. ^ UNEP-WCMC (2020). Protected Area Profile for United Arab Emirates from the World Database of Protected Areas, November 2020. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net
[edit]
  • "Arabian Desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.
  • Arabian Desert (DOPA)
  • [2][permanent dead link]

 

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Hot air balloon adventure Dubai
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23 Marina Tower - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, 23 Marina Tower - Marsa Dubai - Dubai - United Arab Emirates
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Hot Air Balloon
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Starting Point
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Starting Point
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Starting Point
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Hot air balloon near Hatta desert route
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Starting Point
23 Marina Tower - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, 23 Marina Tower - Marsa Dubai - Dubai - United Arab Emirates
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Starting Point
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Hot air balloon Margham desert
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Starting Point
23 Marina Tower - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, 23 Marina Tower - Marsa Dubai - Dubai - United Arab Emirates
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https://cappadociahotballoon.com/about-us/

Yes Hot Air Balloon flights depend on weather conditions and may be rescheduled if conditions are unsafe.

Children can join a Hot Air Balloon ride subject to minimum age and height requirements set by the operator.

A Hot Air Balloon ride typically lasts between forty five minutes to one hour depending on weather conditions.