There is a moment on a quad bike when the engine hum fades into the background and the desert takes over. The sand gathers into bands and ridges, the air tastes faintly of salt and dust, and Dubai's skyline-so insistent and gleaming from the highway-shrinks to a distant, shimmering idea. This is the reward many riders are really after when they set out: the sand ridge viewpoint, a high crest where it feels as if the desert has paused just for you. Quad Bike Dubai sand ridge viewpoint-stack the words together and you can almost hear the rasp of tires on grains that were once seafloor, feel the sun warming your shoulders, and understand why, long before glass towers rose from the coast, the dunes were the city's first architecture.
The desert surrounding Dubai is not one uniform expanse but a living, sculpted landscape. Al Faqa Desert Out toward Lahbab, the Red Dunes glow copper at dawn and bronze at dusk, their iron-rich sands catching the light like embers. Closer to Al Qudra, the dunes loosen into wider swells. On rare winter days you might see the Hajar Mountains etched blue in the eastern distance. Within this variety, one feature holds constant allure: the long sinuous ridges that run like the backs of sleeping dragons across the horizon. They aren't high by alpine standards, but in a land where lines are usually flat, a ridge offers both a challenge and a place to look out.
A quad bike is the right tool for this world precisely because it is humble. Four wheels, a single seat, a throttle you learn to respect. It's not the machine that makes the ride but the sand, and sand demands a certain kind of attention. You learn to read it quickly: the windward face is firm, the leeward slipface sugary and treacherous. Ripples mean grip; dark patches can be damp or shadowed hollows. You don't point straight up the steepest face unless you have power and room to commit. You never crest blind without easing off, feathering the brakes, and peeking over with a front wheel. You ride with a guide who knows the lines, you wear a helmet and goggles, and you keep a margin for error because the desert has none to spare.
The climb to a ridge viewpoint is rarely dramatic. It happens as a series of angled approaches, traverses, and patient ascents. The quad hums and chatters, the tires pluck at the surface, and you feel the machine crab slightly as you hold a side slope. Quad Bike Dubai college friends reunion From the base, the ridge seems far away; then suddenly you are on the knife-edge itself, the wind stroking the crest, the world falling away on both sides. Up here, the dunes unspool in soft focus, each a slightly different chord in a repeating song. Quad Bike Dubai couples sunrise proposal idea . Tracks weave and fade below, as temporary as handwriting on a tide-washed beach. The city's outline-Burj Khalifa like a pin on a map-leans out of the haze, reminding you how short the distance is between abundance and austerity.
Time moves differently on a ridge. At sunrise, the air is clean and cool, and the dunes cast long violet shadows that make the desert look folded and newly ironed. Bird calls punctuate the stillness-larks, sometimes, riding the thermals early-and in that pearly light even the quad's plastic shines tenderly. By midday, the heat presses in, the brightness goes flat, and you understand why most rides are planned for early morning or late afternoon. At sunset, everything softens again. The wind rises, the ripples sharpen, and the sand glows as if lit from within. Photographers obsess over this hour for good reason, but you don't need a camera to remember it. The mind keeps a faithful copy of certain colors.
A viewpoint is more than a place to look from; it is a lens on time. The deserts around Dubai formed over ages from eroded rock carried by wind, shaped grain by grain. Bedouin learned these lines-how to travel with the season, how to read the wind and stars, how to make shade a kind of wealth. Today, tours may pair quad biking with a camp where the echoes of that knowledge still live: Arabic coffee poured from a long-spouted dallah, dates offered with the right hand, the quick flash of a falcon's eye as it lifts from a glove. You might try sandboarding down a gentler slope or sway atop a camel for a few slow steps and realize how efficiently that animal turns the desert into a corridor.
With popularity comes responsibility. The quad bike is fun because it is simple, but simplicity does not excuse carelessness. The dunes are not empty; they host hardy shrubs, nesting birds, and small lives that survive on margins thinner than tire tread. It matters to follow established tracks where possible, to avoid cresting into bowls that trap fragile vegetation, to keep speeds sensible, to take your litter back to the city that made it. The wind will erase your tracks, but consequences can linger.
Quad Bike Dubai college friends reunion
Quad Bike Dubai small group red dunes tour
Quad Bike Dubai Sharjah side pickup
Quad Bike Dubai sunset BBQ combo camp
Quad Bike Dubai Dubai Desert Conservation guided loop
Quad Bike Dubai quick change area at camp
Margham Desert
Respect, in this setting, is not a slogan but a survival strategy that applies to both riders and land.
Planning helps. October to April brings the most forgiving weather. In summer the heat can turn metal into a warning and sand into a mirror that throws the sun back at you. Wear closed shoes, lightweight long sleeves, a buff or scarf to keep the sand from your mouth, and goggles you won't mind scratching. Bring water you actually drink, not just carry. Accept the briefing even if you've ridden before; different deserts speak different dialects. And go with a reputable operator. A good guide will choose the right ridge for the day and the group, read the wind, and know when to push and when to pause.
Perhaps the best part of a sand ridge viewpoint is that it reframes Dubai itself. From a penthouse, the city looks like a triumph; from the dunes, it looks like a guest-welcome, dazzling, but still a visitor at the edge of something older and larger. The quad bike gives you the means to make that introduction, to wheel up to a line of sand set by forces you can feel but not command, and to take a minute at the top where the air moves and the world simplifies. Then you drop your front wheel gently over the lip, ease into the descent, and all the brief lessons of balance, momentum, and respect become motion.
By the time the light goes, the ridge is already changing. The wind has begun its night work, smoothing, combing, erasing. Your tracks will be gone by morning. The memory will not. If you want a phrase to hold it, you could do worse than the awkward bundle that sent you out there in the first place: Quad Bike Dubai sand ridge viewpoint. It tastes better in the mouth after the ride, like the last sweet sip of tea in a cup ringed with sand.
About KTM
Austrian motorcycle and sports car manufacturer
This article is about the Austrian company. For the MotoGP team, see Red Bull KTM Factory Racing. For other uses, see KTM (disambiguation).
KTM AG
KTM Motorcycles headquarters in Mattighofen
Industry
Motor vehicles
Founded
1934 (92 years ago) (1934)
Founder
Hans Trunkenpolz
Headquarters
Mattighofen, Upper Austria
,
Austria
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Gottfried Neumeister (chairman and CEO of the executive board)[1]
Products
Motorcycles, sports cars
Owner
Bajaj Auto (≈75% via Bajaj Mobility AG)[2]
Number of employees
2,931 (2017)[3]
Subsidiaries
Husqvarna Motorcycles
GasGas
WP Suspension
Website
ktmgroup.com ktm.com
KTM Fahrrad GmbH
Company type
Private
Industry
Bicycles
Founded
1934; 92 years ago (1934)
Founder
Hans Trunkenpolz
Headquarters
Wels, Upper Austria
,
Austria
Key people
Carol Urkauf-Chen
Johanna Urkauf
Stefan Limbrunner
Number of employees
800 (2022)[4]
Website
www.ktm-bikes.at
KTM AG (
German pronunciation:[kˌɑːtˌeːˈɛm]) is an Austrian motorcycle, bicycle and motorsports brand. It traces its foundation to 1934 as Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Mattighofen. Today, Bajaj Mobility AG (formerly Pierer Mobility AG) operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded motorcycles, and KTM Fahrrad GmbH operates as the manufacturer of KTM-branded bicycles.
KTM is known for its off-road motorcycles and as a reputed MotoGP constructor.
In November 2025, it was announced that Bajaj Auto had completed the acquisition of a controlling stake in KTM for €800 million, increasing its indirect holding to approximately 75%.[5]
History
[edit]
Hans Trunkenpolz and Ernst Kronreif
Early years
[edit]
In 1934, Austrian engineer Johann (Hans) Trunkenpolz (1909–1962)[6] set up a fitter's and car repair shop[7] in Mattighofen. In 1937, he started selling DKW motorcycles, and Opel cars the following year. His shop was known as Kraftfahrzeug Trunkenpolz Mattighofen, but the name was unregistered. During the Second World War, his wife took care of the business which was thriving mainly on account of diesel engine repairs.[8]
After the war, demand for repair works fell sharply and Trunkenpolz started thinking about producing his own motorcycles. The prototype of his first motorcycle, the R100, was built in 1951.[9] The components of the motorcycle were produced in house, except for the Rotax engines which were made by Fichtel & Sachs. Serial production of the R100 started in 1953. With just 20 employees, motorcycles were built at a rate of three per day.[10]
Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Era [1953–1991]
[edit]
In 1953, businessman Ernst Kronreif became a major shareholder of the company, which was renamed and registered as Kronreif & Trunkenpolz Mattighofen. In 1954, the R125 Tourist was introduced,[11] followed by the Grand Tourist[12] and the scooter Mirabell[13] in 1955.
The company secured its first racing title in the 1954 Austrian 125cc national championship.[14] In 1956, KTM made its appearance at the International Six Days Trials, where Egon Dornauer won a gold medal on a KTM machine.[15]
In 1957, KTM built its first sports motorcycle, the Trophy 125cc.[16] KTM's first moped, named Mecky, was launched in 1957, followed by Ponny I in 1960 and Ponny II in 1962 and Comet in 1963.[17] The 1960s also saw the beginning of bicycle production in Mattighofen.
Ernst Kronreif died in 1960.[18] Two years later in 1962,[19] Hans Trunkenpolz also died of a heart attack. His son, Erich Trunkenpolz, took charge of the company's management.
As the company continued to expand, the workforce totaled 400 in 1971, and forty years after it was founded, KTM was offering 42 different models. Additionally, KTM was able to produce motorcycles for the racing industry. During the 1970s and 80s, KTM also started to develop and produce engines and radiators. Radiators sold to European car manufacturers constituted a sizable part of the company's business in the 1980s.[20]
In 1978,[21] US subsidiary KTM North America Inc. was founded in Lorain, Ohio.
In 1980, the company was renamed KTM Motor-Fahrzeugbau KG.[20] One year later, KTM had about 700 employees and a turnover of 750m. Schilling (about 54.5m. euros). International business then amounted to 76% of the company's turnover.[20]
However, scooter and moped turnover sank rapidly, and production had to be halted in 1988.[20] Erich Trunkenpolz died in 1989. Takeover of a 51% interest in the company by the Austrian investment trust GIT Trust Holding controlled by Austrian politician Josef Taus in 1989 was followed by unsuccessful attempts to turn the indebted company around,[22] and in 1991, management of KTM was transferred to a consortium of creditor banks.
In 1991, the company was split into four new entities: KTM Sportmotorcycle GmbH (motorcycles division), KTM Fahrrad GmbH (bicycles division), KTM Kühler GmbH (radiators division) and KTM Werkzeugbau GmbH (tooling division).
Bicycles: Urcauf Family Era [1992 Onwards]
[edit]
After the split, Urcauf family took over the bicycle division KTM Fahrrad GmbH in 1992.
In 1994, they started producing bikes with aluminium frames and electric bikes.
In 1996, Carol Urkauf-Chen takes over the company.
In 1998, They adopt orange colour in their logo.
In 2006 they launch bikes with full carbon frame.
In 2007, they shift to a new headquarter in Wels, Upper Austria.
In 2018 Owner Carol Urkauf-Chen moves to the supervisory board, Johanna Urkauf and Stefan Limbrunner act as managing directors.
Motorcycles: Stefan Pierer Era [1992-2025]
[edit]
Austrian Automotive entrepreneur Stefan Peirer took control of KTM Motorcycles in 1992 and later took over the sibling tooling division KTM Werkzeugbau. In the following years, while steadily increasing production and turnover, investing in new production and R&D facilities,[23][24][25] introducing new models and successfully sponsoring and taking part in various sports racing events, the company underwent a series of restructurings and stakeholder changes guided by KTM's managing director Stefan Pierer.
In 1994, KTM started production of the Duke series of road motorcycles; in 1996, KTM motocross machines were first decked out in KTM's signature orange color,[26] and 1997 saw the introduction of liquid-cooled two-cylinder Supermoto and Adventure motorcycles. In 2007, the company debuted the KTM X-Bow sports car.[27]
In 1995, KTM acquired Swedish motorcycle maker Husaberg AB and took control of the Dutch company WP Suspension.
In 2007, Indian motorcycle manufacturer Bajaj Auto acquired a 14.5% stake in KTM; which by 2013, increased to 47.97%.
In 2010 KTM Kühler divested their automotive radiator business to Mahle GmbH and the motorcycle radiator business to WP Suspension under WP Radiator brand.[28]
In 2013, KTM acquired the formerly Swedish motorcycle maker Husqvarna Motorcycles from its prior owner BMW.[23] The same year, KTM re-integrated the brand Husaberg into Husqvarna Motorcycles from which it had spun off in the 1990s when Husqvarna was sold to the Italian company Cagiva. In 2019, KTM acquired a majority stake of 60% in the Spanish enduro motorcycle brand GasGas.[29] In 2020 GasGas became a wholly owned subsidiary of KTM.[30]
In 2021 Bajaj Auto sold 46.5% of KTM's shares to Pierer Mobility AG in exchange for 49% shares in the latter company[31] and thus became an indirect stakeholder in KTM.
In 2022, KTM's Parent Company Pierer Mobility acquired a 25.1% stake in Italian motorcycle company MV Agusta;[32] and increased to a majority 50.1% in 2024.[33]
In 2023 Pierer Mobility's financial situation became increasingly unsustainable and by 2024 they had a heavy debt to pay off.[34] In 2024 KTM went into self imposed administration.[35] Pierer Mobility was compelled to sell their stake in MV Agusta back to the previous owners the Sardarov family.[36]
In the early 2025 Stefan Pierer started exiting from executives roles in KTM and its affiliates, making way for new investors.[37]
Motorcycles: Bajaj Auto Era [2025 onwards]
[edit]
In 2025, Bajaj Auto, who were until now holding 49% stake in Pierer Mobility had offerred to take full control of KTM and its sister concerns by an 800 million Euro debt package. The deal was concluded in November 2025. Pierer Mobility is due to be rennamed as Bajaj Mobility which will hold 74.94% shares in KTM; rest of which lies in public hands.
Operations
[edit]
At present, KTM brand is operated by two corporate houses-
Bajaj Auto — motorcycles & affiliated businesses
KTM Fahrrad GmbH — bicycles & related businesses
KTM Motorcycles
[edit]
KTM has facilities in Austria, India (partnership with Bajaj), and China (partnership with CFMoto) producing over 380,000 motorcycles (290,000 KTM models) in 2023.[38][39] The main production site located at Mattighofen, Austria manufacturers majority of the models. In collaboration with Bajaj, the facilitiy located in Pune, India is responsible for producing smaller displacement motorcycles, including the Duke and RC series, for both the domestic and international markets.[40] KTM and CFMOTO oversee the global production of the two LC8c models (790 Duke and 790 Adventure) in Hangzhou, China.
Furthermore, KTM Sportmotorcycle GmbH and Husqvarna Motorcycles GmbH operate 24 and 8 distribution subsidiaries worldwide, respectively, most of them in European and Asian countries and in the US.
Joint ventures
[edit]
KTM started exporting their GS model to the US in 1968 through an American importer, John Penton under the Penton brand. This joint venture lasted until KTM established KTM America Inc. in Ohio in 1978.[41]
In 2005, KTM-Sportmotocycle began a partnership with ATV manufacturer Polaris Industries with the goal of shared research, and more importantly shared distribution networks. This partnership was a two-year trial arrangement, at the end of which both parties had the option of merging the two companies into one. In 2006, KTM announced that the partnership with Polaris had been downgraded, and would instead only supply their 450cc and 510cc RFS engines to Polaris.[42]
In January 2008, Bajaj announced that it would jointly develop two new 125cc and 200cc bikes for Europe and the Far East. The bikes would be badged KTM.[43] In January 2012, Bajaj launched the Duke 200 model in India.[44]
In November 2022 KTM acquired a 25,1 % stake in the Italian motorcycle manufacturer MV Agusta.[45]
KTM Bike Industries
[edit]
KTM as a brand is also used by KTM Fahrrad GmbH, which, as the exclusive licensee, manufactures bicycles and bicycle accessories. This company originated by the spin-off of KTM in 1991 and shares the same history and heritage as that of KTM Motorcycles.
Motorsports
[edit]
Mika Kallio's 125 cc road race motorcycleSamuli Aro's WEC E2 class bikeTony Cairoli's 350 SX bike
KTM entered motorsports competing in motocross racing. KTM won its first championship in 1974 when Gennady Moiseyev claimed the 250cc Motocross World Championship.[46] By the end of 2016, KTM had won more than 260 world championship titles, making the company one of the most successful brands in motorsports.[23] KTM has claimed 96 MXGP, MX1 and MX2 world titles since 1974 and 114 E1, E2, E3 and Super Enduro world titles since 1990. With Ryan Dungey's 2015, 2016 and 2017 victories in the supercross world championship, KTM gained a successful presence in supercross racing as well. In 1994, a KTM factory team debuted at the Dakar Rally. In 1998, KTM riders won second to twelfth place. With consecutive wins from 2001 to 2019, the manufacturer has dominated the rally for 18 years now. KTM teams successfully compete in other rally raid events like the Atlas Rally or the Rallye du Maroc. KTM has won 37 cross country rallies world titles since 2003 and has won the FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship 15 times, most recently in 2015.
In 2003, KTM started sponsoring and supporting road racing in various capacities, with the most successful results stemming from their supermoto efforts. From 2003 to 2009, a KTM factory team competed in the 125 cc class of the motorcycle Grands Prix, and between 2005 and 2008 in the 250 cc class. Notable successes in the 125 cc class were the second and third place in the overall ranking scored in 2005 by KTM riders Mika Kallio and Gábor Talmácsi, the second place in 2006 by Mika Kallio, the third place in 2007 by Tomoyoshi Koyama and the 2005 KTM victory in the 125 cc constructor's championship. In the 250 cc class, Mika Kallio won third place in 2008. Since the first Rookies Cup season in 2007, KTM has supplied the bike for the Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup.
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
[edit]
In 2009, KTM announced their withdrawal from Grand Prix motorcycle racing in all classes, and did not return until 2012 in the new Moto3 class.
In 2012, KTM won the Moto3 manufacturers' championship. During the next season, KTM riders prevailed in every race of the Moto3 class and won the world title as well as second and third place, making KTM the obvious victor of the manufacturers' standing. KTM won the manufacturer title in the 2014 and 2016 as well as the world title in 2016 in the Moto3 class. Starting in 2017, KTM fields bikes in both MotoGP and Moto2 classes as well. The main class team features Jack Miller and Brad Binder as full-season riders, Mika Kallio as wildcard rider, and Dani Pedrosa as test/development rider. The Moto2 KTM Ajo team features Pedro Acosta and Albert Arenas. Steadfastly independent and confident of their company's abilities, KTM chose to use a steel trellis frame where all other manufacturers used aluminum. In addition, KTM insisted on developing their own racing suspension through their WP subsidiary (all other manufacturers used Öhlins). KTM demonstrated their prowess in doing things their own way by winning their first Moto GP premier class race on August 9, 2020, with rookie Brad Binder crossing the finish line in first place.
From 2009[47] to 2011,[48] KTM teams competed in the IDM, the Superbike International German Championships. There were speculations about a possible KTM foray[49] into the superbike world championship. Due to the company's focus shifting away from the RC8 and generally superbike design, these plans are off the table for the foreseeable future.[50]
KTM's official company/team colours are orange, black and silver. To create a strong brand identity, all competition-ready KTMs come from the factory with bright orange plastic with "KTM" emblazoned on the side of the radiator shrouds. All KTM bikes also come from the factory with a Motorex sticker on the outside of the motor. All first fills of oil come from Motorex as well. Some official KTM teams use different colors for their bikes, most noticeably in the Dakar Rally.
Products
[edit]
Off-road motorcycles
[edit]
KTM manufactures a wide range of off-road motorcycles. Not all of their models are available in every country. The following section lists bikes that are sold in the US.
Motocross – The current Motocross line designated by SX includes 50, 65, 85, 105, 125, 150, 250 and 300 cc single-cylinder two-stroke models (the 50 SX, 65 SX and 85 SX models are kids' and youth bikes), and 250, 350 and 450 cc single-cylinder four-stroke models (SX-F).[51] In 2005 KTM released the new 250SX-F to the general public. Since 2007, the SX-F's have been KTM's new racing motocross range. Current versions of the KTM SX-F line have a dual overhead camshaft engine dubbed the “RC4”.
Cross-Country – The current cross-country line designated by XC includes 150, 250 and 300 cc two-stroke models and 250, 350 and 450 cc four-stroke models. The two-stroke XC machines except the 150 cc model are available with either wide-ratio or close-ratio transmission (when switching gears, there is a more or less pronounced rpm change). The four-stroke models are fitted with a semi-close ratio gearbox. Most models are equipped with an electric starter.[52]
The very lightweight XC bikes are competition bikes only; they do not meet homologation regulations.
Enduro – The street-legal EXC enduro versions of KTM's XC cross-country bikes are supplied with plusher non-linkage suspensions, a wider-ratio gear box and lights.
The current line available in the US consists of 350, 450 and 500 (actually 510 cc) four-stroke EXC models.[52]
Free Ride – A KTM original class of off-road motorcycle that could be described as a cross between Enduro and trials bikes. The Freeride 250R is powered by a lighter, modified version of the 250 EXC Enduro engine and has a specially developed six-speed gearbox with close transmission ratios in the lower gears and a wide ratio for the sixth gear.[53] A four-stroke 350 cc free ride model with similar characteristics,[54] and the all-electric single-speed models Freeride E-SX, Freeride E-XC as well as their street version Freeride E-SM are available in Europe.[55]
KTM Motorcycles Models List
Category
Model
Engine Type
Engine Designation
Status
Picture
Motocross
SX
2-Stroke
50cc; 65cc; 85cc; 125cc; 250cc; 300cc
In Production
450 SX-F
SX-F
4-Stroke
250cc; 350cc; 450cc
In Production
SX-E
Electric
1.8KW; 3.8KW; 5.0 KW
In Production
Freeride
E-XC
Electric
18KW
In Production
Freeride E-XC
Enduro
EXC
2-Stroke
125cc; 150cc; 250cc; 300cc
In Production
350 EXC-F
XC-W
2-Stroke
150cc; 250cc; 300cc
In Production
EXC-F
4-Stroke
450cc
Old
EXC-F
Plated
4-Stroke
350cc; 500cc
In Production
XCF-W
4-Stroke
450cc
In Production
Cross Country
XC
2-Stroke
250cc; 300cc
In Production
300XC
XC-F
4-Stroke
250cc; 350cc; 450cc
In Production
Dual Sport
Enduro R
4-Stroke
125cc; 390cc; 690cc
In Production
690 Enduro R
Adventure
Adventure
4-Stroke
390cc, 890cc
In Production
2022 390 Adventure
Super Adventure
LC8c: 4-Stroke; 75° V-twin
1290cc
In Production
Rally Replica
4-Stroke
450cc
In Production
Sports Tourer
Super Duke GT
4-Stroke
1290cc
In Production
SMT
4-Stroke
890cc
In Production
Supermoto
SMR
4-Stroke
450cc
In Production
690 SMC R
SMC R
4-Stroke
125cc; 390cc; 690cc
In Production
Naked
Duke
LC4c: 4-Stroke; Single Cylinder
LC8c: 4-Stroke; Parallel Twin
250cc; 390cc; 990cc
In Production
2018 Duke 790
Super Duke
LC8: 4-Stroke; 75° V-twin
1390cc
In Production
Brabus
4-Stroke; 75° V-twin
1400cc
In Production
Supersport
RC
4-Stroke
390cc
In Production
RC 390
RC 8C
4-Stroke; Parallel Twin
890cc
In Production
990 RC R
Parallel-twin, 4-stroke
990cc
In Production
Two-stroke development
[edit]
In the 1990s, AMA rule changes put the cheaper, simpler two-stroke machines at a disadvantage to four-stroke bikes in motocross competitions by limiting two-stroke displacement at 125 cc for the 250 cc class and 250 cc for the 450 cc class.[56] While other manufacturers have decided to discontinue their two-stroke models, KTM has continued with creating and improving their two-stroke engines and has consequently taken up a very high proportion of the two-stroke bike market.
New European emission laws have increased the pressure on two-stroke bikes, as their engines are less fuel efficient and produce more pollution than four-stroke engines. However, with newer advances in technology, two-strokes have begun to burn cleaner and pass stricter environmental standards. Starting in 2017, all newly registered motorcycles must conform with the Euro 4 regulations for emissions management. In May 2017, KTM unveiled a new two-stroke engine with direct fuel injection. By pressure-injecting an electronically controlled amount of fuel into the transfer port of the cylinder, the new TPI (transfer port injection) engines will be more fuel efficient and cleaner than classic carburetor two-stroke engines, albeit more complex and expensive. By 2018, 250 and 300 EXC TPI enduro models will be powered by the new engine.[57]
Street and Dual Purpose Bikes
[edit]
KTM Duke 620 – KTM's first stock supermoto bike
The first KTM street bike was the 1994 Duke 620.[58][59][60]
Further information: Types of motorcycles § Dual-purpose
Further information: Types of motorcycles § Standard
Standard/Naked – With the Duke and Superduke models, KTM currently offers naked bikes with 250, 390, 990 and 1390 cc displacement. The 125 (not available in the US), 250 and 390 models have a single-cylinder four-stroke LC4 motor. The 990 Duke use a new twin-parallel engine. The 1390 R Superduke model is equipped with a 75 degree V-twin four-stroke motor (LC8).[61]
The 200, 250 and 390 Duke models are currently produced by Bajaj Auto in Pune, India. The 250 is only available in Asia, with only the Duke 390 and Duke 200 being exported to European countries and North America.
Further information: Dual-sport motorcycle
Dual Sport – KTM currently produces the 390 Enduro R and 690 Enduro R Dual sport models which are basically road bikes suitable for off-road excursions. These bikes typically have lower seat heights and more comfort features than a "street legal" off-road bike.
Further information: Touring motorcycle § Adventure tourers
Adventure touring – KTM currently produces the 390 Adventure, 890 Adventure R, and 1290 Super Adventure dual-sport adventure bikes in versions with different seat height, wheels and suspensions that endow the machines with a road (S), off-road (R – for rally) or touring (T) bias.[62] Not all versions are available on the US market.
The 1090 Adventure and 1290 Super Adventure bikes are powered by 75 degree V-twin four-stroke motors (LC8). The 790 Adventure is powered by the new LC8c parallel twin four-stroke motor. All 3 feature a slipper clutch, electronically controlled riding modes (sport, street and rain) with the 1290 and 790 featuring a TFT display and the 1090 featuring a twin (analog plus LCD) display.
Further information: Sports motorcycle
Sport – KTM sport bikes currently offered in the supersport category include the RC 125 (not available in the US) and the RC 390. Both are street-legal versions of bikes that compete in street races. With the RC16, KTM has presented a 1000 cc sport bike that will race in the MotoGP class of the 2017 Road Racing World Championship Grand Prix.[63] Whether there will be a street-legal production version of the RC16 at a later point in time is yet unclear.
In Asia, KTM also markets RC 200 and RC 250 street bikes. KTM is also planning to introduced a new 150cc bike in its RC lineup in the Asian countries. This would be the KTC RC 150, that will powered by a 149cc, single-cylinder engine and 6-speed gearbox. This will be launched at a more affordable price, so everyone can opt for it.[64]
Main article: Sport touring motorcycle
Sports Touring – The KTM sports tourer 1290 Superduke GT (Gran Turismo) is a version of the 1290 Superduke R naked bike that has been modified for more touring comfort with a longer and more robust frame, modified handlebar, larger fuel tank and modified 75 degree V-twin four-stroke LC8 motor. Like the 1290 Super Adventure, the 1290 Superduke GT features three electronically controlled riding modes.[65]
Main article: Supermoto § Machines
Supermoto – KTM was the first manufacturer to offer a competition-ready supermoto bike to the public. However, the company stopped supermoto production in 2016 to focus on stock 690 SMC R machines. For the 2019 Model year, the 690 SMC R model was completely renewed. The bike now has the latest version of the single cylinder LC4 power unit, introduced for the MY2016 Duke. The previous supermoto models included the 625 SMC and the race version 560 SMR. The 141 kg light 690 SMC R model has a 48 kW liquid-cooled one-cylinder four-stroke motor (LC4) and a hydraulically actuated APTC slipper clutch.[66]
X-Bow
[edit]
KTM X-Bow GT4
Main article: KTM X-Bow
The KTM X-Bow (pronounced cross-bow) is a series of lightweight, two-seater sports cars known as the X-Bow R, the X-Bow RR, the X-Bow GT and the X-BOW GT4.[67] The R and GT versions of the X-Bow are street-legal in Europe, North America, China and Australia. It uses an Audi engine and a carbon fibre chassis developed in cooperation with Italian racing car manufacturer Dallara, making it the world's first street-legal car with a full carbon fibre monocoque.
Discontinued
[edit]
KTM retired from superbike production and competitions.[50] From 2008 to 2015, the company produced the 1190 RC8 superbike, a light, powerful homologated (street-legal) bike for superbike competitions with an LC8 motor and without any of the electronic driving aids that the otherwise comparable Superduke and Super Adventure models offer.
KTM has ceased production of 450SX, 450XC, 505SX and 525XC All-terrain vehicles
Design
[edit]
Since 2016,[68] KTM motorcycles have been designed by KISKA GmbH, a Salzburg-based design firm. KISKA also designed four versions of the X-Bow and is responsible for the overall branding for KTM and Husqvarna.
Parts and Wear
[edit]
Under the Powerparts label, KTM sells tuning and styling parts for its street and off-road motorcycles and the X-Bow.[69] The Powerwear label offers race gear and equipment, clothing, accessories and merchandise articles.[70]
References
[edit]
^
"Executive Board".
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^"Bajaj Auto completes majority acquisition of KTM after regulatory nod". The Economic Times. Retrieved 25 November 2025.
^"Hans Trunkenpolz". salzburg.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^"KTM Group" (PDF). ktmgroup.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"A Short Background of KTM Bicycles". ktm-bikes.co.za. Archived from the original on 10 August 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^"A Look Back – Motorcycles". web.pdx.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"R125 Tourist". 25 March 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2017.[permanent dead link]
^"Grand Tourist". 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Mirabell Scooter". ktm.com. 11 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"KTM Motorcycle History". Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Dornauer wins on KTM". Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Trophy 125cc". web.pdx.edu. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"KTM stages a comeback at the six days on factory bikes". 23 April 2014. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Ernst Kronreif". Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Hans Trunkenpolz". salzburg.com. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^ abcd"KTM Geschichte". ktm-ulrich.ch (in German). Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"1978 in KTM history". motorcycle-usa.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Cycle World Magazine, April 1992". Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^ abc"KTM Annual Report 2015" (PDF). ktmgroup.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Die Firmengeschichte von KTM" (in German). Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Die Firmengeschichte von KTM" (in German). Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"KTM goes orange". 10 November 2016. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"The KTM X-Bow makes its debut at the Geneva International Motor Show". 7 March 2017. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
^"Renovation KTM KÜHLER successfully completed". 3 April 2010. Retrieved 21 November 2025.
^"KTM announces joint venture with Gas Gas". Australasian Dirt Bike. 27 September 2019. Archived from the original on 14 August 2025. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
^"GasGas Brand Milestones". GasGas. 14 August 2025. Archived from the original on 14 August 2025. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
^"Bajaj swaps shares in KTM with Pierer Group". www.thehindubusinessline.com. 30 September 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
^"Pierer Mobility and MV Agusta agree on strategic cooperation". Pierer Mobility AG. 3 November 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2025. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
^"Pierer Mobility: Early takeover of majority stake in MV Agusta". Pierer Mobility AG. 15 March 2024. Archived from the original on 14 August 2025. Retrieved 14 August 2025.
^"KTM: produrre in Europa costa troppo, 300 dipendenti in meno in Austria". dueruote.it. dueruote.it. 6 December 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2025.
^"Bankruptcy looms as KTM enters self-administration". New Atlas. Retrieved 21 November 2025.
^"KTM's insolvency administrator puts shares of MV Agusta on sale". Retrieved 21 November 2025.
^"KTM crisis: Stefan Pierer is out!". 4 March 2025.
^"Production Facility | KTM". www.ktm.com. Retrieved 27 October 2025.
^"KTM Owner Moves Production to Chinas". Cycle World. Retrieved 27 October 2025.
^"Global milestone for PIERER Mobility: The 1,000,000th KTM motorcycle leaves the production plant of the strategic partner Bajaj in Pune/India | PIERER Mobility AG". www.pierermobility.com. Retrieved 27 October 2025.
^"KTM Motorcycle History". Motorcycle USA. 23 February 2008. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^Gardiner, Mark (January 2010). "KTM Motorcycle History". motorcycle.com. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
^"Bajaj & Ktm To Jointly Develop New Bikes". Biker Voodoo. 20 June 2007. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
^"Bajaj launches Duke 200 in India, specifications". Gujaratglobal.com. 20 October 2011. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 9 February 2012.
^"Superveloce 800 Serie Oro". roadracingworld.com. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
^"1974 250cc motocross world championship results". memotocross.fr. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^"KTM To Campaign 1190 RC8 R In 2009 IDM/German Superbike Championship". roadracingworld.com. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^"Motorex-KTM's Bauer Wins IDM/German Superbike Championship". roadracingworld.com. 18 September 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^"KTM move forward in Superbike development". Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^ ab"No More Superbikes for KTM – CEO Says They're Too Dangerous For Public Roads". therideadvice.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
^"KTM MX". Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^ ab"KTM Enduro". Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^"KTM Freeride 250 R 2017". Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
^"KTM Freeride 350 2017". Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
^"KTM Freeride E". Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
^"Motocross Action Magazine - MXA'S Two-Strok Tuesday: The AMA Displacement Rule". 28 June 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^"KTM unveils world's first 2-stroke fuel injection enduro machines". Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^Lapalme, Julia (March 2017), "ORANGE THEORY", Motorcyclist, pp. 51–53
^"Off-the-Shelf Racers; KTM's Supermoto three-pack", American Motorcyclist, vol. 58, no. 4, American Motorcyclist Association, p. 20, April 2004, ISSN 0277-9358, retrieved 4 May 2011
^"KTM Naked Bike". Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^"The 2017 KTM 1090 Adventure and 1090 Adventure R Add To KTM's Adventure Bike Lineup". Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^"First Look: KTM RC16". Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^Dahiya, Ravi (5 August 2022). "KTM RC 150". ARDwheels. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^"2017 KTM Super Duke GT – Ride Review". Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^"KTM 690 SMC R 2017". Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
^Rated X: KTM unveils X-Bow sketches – Autoblog
^How one design studio took KTM from bankrupt dirtbike company to giant-slayer lanesplitter.jalopnik.com, 15 February 2016. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2021
^"KTM powerparts". Archived from the original on 2 May 2017.
^"KTM Powerwear". Archived from the original on 5 May 2017.
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About Sandrail
Type of tourism
For the bus company, see Adventure Travel (bus company).
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An outdoor travel and adventure outfitter in Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaTrekking in Quebrada de las Conchas, Cafayate, Salta Province, Argentina
Adventure travel is a type of tourism, involving exploration or travel with a certain degree of risk (real or perceived), and which may require special skills and physical exertion. In the United States, adventure tourism has seen growth in late 20th and early 21st century as tourists seek out-of-the-ordinary or "roads less traveled" vacations, but lack of a clear operational definition has hampered measurement of market size and growth. According to the U.S.-based Adventure Travel Trade Association, adventure travel may be any tourist activity that includes physical activity, a cultural exchange, and connection with outdoor activities and nature.[1]
Adventure tourists may have the motivation to achieve mental states characterized as rush or flow,[2] resulting from stepping outside their comfort zone. This may be from experiencing culture shock or by performing acts requiring significant effort and involve some degree of risk, real or perceived, or physical danger. This may include activities such as mountaineering, trekking, bungee jumping, mountain biking, cycling, canoeing, scuba diving, rafting, kayaking, zip-lining, paragliding, hiking, exploring, Geocaching, canyoneering, river trekking, sandboarding, caving and rock climbing.[3] Some obscure forms of adventure travel include disaster and ghetto tourism.[4] Other rising forms of adventure travel include social and jungle tourism.
Access to inexpensive consumer technology, with respect to Global Positioning Systems, flashpacking, social networking and photography, have increased the worldwide interest in adventure travel. The interest in independent adventure travel has also increased as more specialist travel websites emerge offering previously niche locations and sports.
Adventure sports tourism has traditionally been dominated by men. Although women's participation has grown, the gender gap is still pronounced in terms of quantitative engagement in these forms of sport tourism. Yet, in competitive adventure sport tourism, the success rate of females is currently higher than that of males [5]
History
[edit]
Since ancient times, humans have traveled in search for food and skills of survival, but have also engaged in adventurous travel, in explorations of sea lanes, a destination, or even a new country.
Adventurer travelers began to push to the limits, with the mountaineering of Matterhorn in 1865 and the river rafting on the Colorado River in 1869. Shortly after, two key institutions were formed, including the National Geographic Society and the Explorers Club, which continue to support adventure travel.
At the end of World War II, modern adventure began to take off, with the 1950 French Annapurna expedition and the 1953 British Mount Everest expedition. Today, it remains a niche of travel and a fast-changing sector with new variants of activities for a travel experience.
Types
[edit]
Accessible tourism
[edit]
Main article: Accessible tourism
There is a trend for developing tourism specifically for the disabled. Adventure travel for the disabled has become a US$13 billion a year industry in North America.[6] Some adventure travel destinations offer diverse programs and job opportunities developed specifically for the disabled.[7]
Extreme travel
[edit]
Main article: Extreme tourism
Extreme tourism involves travel to dangerous (extreme) locations or participation in dangerous events or activities. This form of tourism can overlap with extreme sport.
Remote travel
[edit]
See also: Backcountry
Travelling to locations far away from human settlements and/or infrastructure. Could be close to big city (few hours drive) in terms of straight line distance, but reaching the location requires a long period of time and/or a large amount of effort. Self sufficiency required, as it's difficult to get timely help or rescue in an emergency.[8]
Jungle tourism
[edit]
Main article: Jungle tourism
Jungle tourism is a subcategory of adventure travel defined by active multifaceted physical means of travel in the jungle regions of the earth. According to the Glossary of Tourism Terms, jungle tours have become a major component of green tourism in tropical destinations and are a relatively recent phenomenon of Western international tourism.
Overland travel
[edit]
Main article: Overlanding
Overland travel or overlanding refers to an overland journey – perhaps originating with Marco Polo's first overland expedition in the 13th century from Venice to the Mongolian court of Kublai Khan. Today overlanding is a form of extended adventure holiday, embarking on a long journey, often in a group. Overland companies provide a converted truck or a bus plus a tour leader, and the group travels together overland for a period of weeks or months.
Since the 1960s overlanding has been a popular means of travel between destinations across Africa, Europe, Asia (particularly India), the Americas and Australia. The "Hippie trail" of the 60s and 70s saw thousands of young westerners travelling through the Middle East to India and Nepal. Many of the older traditional routes are still active, along with newer routes like Iceland to South Africa overland and Central Asian post soviet states.
Scuba diving
[edit]
Main article: Scuba diving
Scuba diving is a sport in which participants explore underwater places while inhaling compressed air from tanks. Scuba diving is most popular in locations with tropical coral reefs, but it may be found in almost any location with water.
Popular destinations:
Belize's Great Blue Hole
Tahiti
Sipadan Island's Barracuda Point
Notes and references
[edit]
^
"ATTA Values Statement" (PDF). adventuretravel.biz. Adventure Travel Trade Association. February 2013. p. 2. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
^Buckley, Ralf (2012). "Rush as a key motivation in skilled adventure tourism: Resolving the risk recreation paradox". Tourism Management. 33 (4): 961–970. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.10.002. hdl:10072/46933.
^"Adventure Travel". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
^"Citypaper online". Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
^Apollo, M., Mostowska, J., Legut, A., Maciuk, K., & Timothy, D. J. (2023). Gender differences in competitive adventure sports tourism. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 42, 100604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2022.100604
^Stan Hagen – Tourism Minister of British Columbia
^The Equity: "Esprit rafting to be featured in commercial", Wednesday, May 14th, 2008, print edition
Great camping spot.
On a hot day 41° it wasn't as bad as we expected.
We were picked up from a location far away which is very convenient.
We arrive at the location, and we transfer to offroad car, the driver wasn't fun at all that's why I gave 4 star, he wasn't speeding or doing aggressive maneuvers. I've been to other safari's and the sand was flying and hitting the windows.
We arrive at camp and they told us we have food, sheesha, sand boarding, camel ride, henna, and soft drinks for free.
But they will negotiate everything to pay extra.
Extra for camel ride for extra time.
Extra for food to stay VIP on top of the camping, extra for sheesha to take it to ur table, extra to give you pic with camel, extra to sell you arabian dress, extra for bigger henna.
The experience was very nice. We enjoyed the sunset, didn't get the chance to snowboard or try sheesha.
The food was acceptable.
One of the best Desert Safari organizers in Dubai, highly recommended. They do it in a very professional manner. They are always on time, the drivers are more than qualified to give you the full dune bashing experience with the sense of responsibility to the guests safety. The vehicles are in a high condition to give the guests the comfort needed during the journey from the pick up point and during every moment of the trip. The location of the camp is taking in consideration the weather condition. The food quality and quantity is high and the show is interesting. The bathroom condition is great, neat and clean and in a convenient spot within the camp. All this for a very reasonable and competitive price.
Arabian Nights Tours Camp in Abu Dhabi, UAE, offers an immersive desert adventure experience. Located in the heart of the Arabian desert, the camp provides guests with a traditional Bedouin-style setting, complete with comfortable tents and authentic decor. Visitors can enjoy a range of activities, including dune bashing, camel rides, and sandboarding. The camp also features cultural entertainment such as belly dancing, henna painting, and traditional music. Guests are treated to a sumptuous buffet of Arabic cuisine under the stars, making for a memorable and picturesque desert experience. Arabian Nights Tours Camp combines adventure, culture, and relaxation in a stunning desert landscape.
It was an amazing experience driving through the desert with a 4x4, having a great dinner in the camp with good entertainment. And our driver Mohammed was awesome: very friendly, always pointing out interesting things to see and thankfully very skilled when driving through the dunes.
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
